{"id":14955,"date":"2017-07-17T15:34:15","date_gmt":"2017-07-17T13:34:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xoandelugo.org\/?p=14955\/"},"modified":"2017-07-17T15:55:21","modified_gmt":"2017-07-17T13:55:21","slug":"a-revolucion-industrial-e-a-teoria-austriaca-da-estructura-de-capital-segunda-parte-oscar-rodriguez-carreiro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xoandelugo.org\/cy\/a-revolucion-industrial-e-a-teoria-austriaca-da-estructura-de-capital-segunda-parte-oscar-rodriguez-carreiro\/","title":{"rendered":"A REVOLUCI\u00d3N INDUSTRIAL E A TEOR\u00cdA AUSTRIACA DA ESTRUCTURA DE CAPITAL. SEGUNDA PARTE &#8211; \u00d3scar Rodr\u00edguez Carreiro"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#e2e2e2;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:calc( 1200px + 0px );margin-left: calc(-0px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-0px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"transform:translate3d(0,0,0);\"><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #428fc9;\">A REVOLUCI\u00d3N INDUSTRIAL E A TEOR\u00cdA AUSTRIACA DA ESTRUCTURA DE CAPITAL. SEGUNDA PARTE\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"transform:translate3d(0,0,0);\"><h4 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #428fc9;\"><em>\u00a0 \u00a0 &#8211; \u00d3scar Rodr\u00edguez Carreiro &#8211; \u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#ffe500;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 0px;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 0px;margin-left : 0px;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 0px;margin-left : 0px;}}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\" style=\"transform:translate3d(0,0,0);\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u00a0 No primeiro artigo desta serie comprobamos como historicamente se documentou en Inglaterra a tendencia xeral \u00e1 baixada dos tipos de interese, proceso que xa resulta evidente durante os s\u00e9culos XVI e XVII e que demostra o aumento xeral do aforro que estaba tendo lugar en devandito pa\u00eds. Neste artigo comprobaremos como, correspondentemente, tam\u00e9n se produciu o alargamento da estrutura de produci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u00a0 Sudha R. Shenoy documentou devandito proceso, demostrando que, na estrutura econ\u00f3mica de produci\u00f3n inglesa, obs\u00e9rvase unha gran variedade de outputs resultado dunha cadea de investimento complexa e extensa, na que existe unha divisi\u00f3n vertical do traballo ben desenvolvida e na que a xente est\u00e1 ligada como participantes interdependentes, coa presenza de moitas especializaci\u00f3ns. O resultado ser\u00e1 a produci\u00f3n de m\u00e1is, mellores, e m\u00e1is variados tipos de bens e servizos.<a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[i]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u00a0 Shenoy insiste en que os outputs de devandita estrutura s\u00f3 poden ser producidos por medio de investimentos previos. Ademais, o mantemento da produci\u00f3n e a mellora de devanditos outputs, require un investimento continuo. O conxunto completo de investimentos precedentes \u00e9 integral ao produto final: xuntos forman un todo. A estrutura de produci\u00f3n constit\u00fae unha \u00fanica formaci\u00f3n.<a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[ii]<\/a> Segundo Shenoy<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Os outputs finais -calquera que sexa o seu contido- poden aumentarse, mellorarse e diversificarse s\u00f3 si, e mentres, se estende a estrutura de capital: si as s\u00faas \u201ccadeas de investimento\u201d se afastan das etapas finais de uso.<a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[iii]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u00a0 Shenoy entende que representa unha grave limitaci\u00f3n o centrarse exclusivamente, como sucede en xeral, na produci\u00f3n final. Ao fixarnos no crecemento da calidade, cantidade e variedade dos outputs finais s\u00f3 nos decatamos das etapas finais da produci\u00f3n, as m\u00e1is pr\u00f3ximas ao uso, dunha estrutura de capital particular. Pero a produci\u00f3n nestas etapas finais s\u00f3 \u00e9 posible porque existen etapas previas de investimento con bens de capital que se unen en cadeas que se completan ata a etapa final do output. As etapas finais son o resultado dun proceso de produci\u00f3n m\u00e1is longo que percorre toda unha serie de etapas previas de produci\u00f3n. O crecemento da mellora e diversificaci\u00f3n dos outputs finais s\u00f3 pode ocorrer si se estende esta capacidade para producilos, \u00e9 dicir, si se estende a estrutura de capital. Alargar esta estrutura sup\u00f3n que se usen cada vez m\u00e1is e m\u00e1is bens de capital en etapas cada vez m\u00e1is e m\u00e1is afastadas do uso final. Para poder completar estas cadeas de investimento m\u00e1is longas \u00e9 necesario producir m\u00e1is bens de capital. O resultado \u00e9 un aumento das etapas entre o uso final e a etapa m\u00e1is afastada del, \u00e9 dicir, un alargamento da estrutura de produci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u00a0 Observar exclusivamente o resultado final non d\u00e1 informaci\u00f3n de como se logrou o aumento e a mellora da produci\u00f3n. A investigaci\u00f3n emp\u00edrica necesaria ten que revelar como os bens de capital formaron cadeas de investimento que levaron aos outputs finais producidos.<a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[iv]<\/a> Por medio de devandito estudo emp\u00edrico, Shenoy demostrou como, ao longo dos s\u00e9culos XVI e XVII, estendeuse en Inglaterra a divisi\u00f3n vertical do traballo, utilizando cada vez bens de ordes m\u00e1is altas e obtendo as\u00ed un rango m\u00e1is amplo de outputs, cunha crecente oferta de bens e servizos de maior calidade.<a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[v]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u00a0 A investigaci\u00f3n de Shenoy proba que o alargamento deste tipo de \u201ccadeas de investimento\u201d produciuse xeneralizadamente en sectores como o da alimentaci\u00f3n, o vestido e a vivenda ao longo dos s\u00e9culos XVI e XVII, demostrando, como comenta Jeffrey Tucker, que \u201ca Revoluci\u00f3n Industrial non foi algo que ocorreu sen m\u00e1is en Inglaterra, sen\u00f3n que, m\u00e1is ben, foi o resultado dun prolongado aumento do capital e dunha prolongada expansi\u00f3n da divisi\u00f3n do traballo\u201d.<a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[vi]<\/a> E as\u00ed, en palabras de Samuel Lilley<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Como resultado do desenvolvemento acaecido nos s\u00e9culos XVI e XVII [\u2026] Inglaterra entrou no s\u00e9culo XVIII co \u00edndice m\u00e1is elevado de prosperidade material de todo o mundo.<a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[vii]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u00a0 Con todo, dada a s\u00faa complexidade, a estrutura de produci\u00f3n completa ser\u00eda imposible de capturar integramente. Esta complexidade non fixo sen\u00f3n aumentar durante a Revoluci\u00f3n Industrial. Para poder introducir a tecnolox\u00eda creada nesta \u00e9poca, como, por exemplo, a m\u00e1quina de vapor, foi necesario aumentar enormemente a cantidade dos bens de capital e empregalos en novas etapas creadas que se atopaban a\u00ednda m\u00e1is afastadas do consumo final, por exemplo, na fabricaci\u00f3n das m\u00e1quinas-ferramenta ou na fabricaci\u00f3n de ra\u00eds para o ferrocarril.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u00a0 A revoluci\u00f3n dos transportes foi parte deste proceso de alargamento da estrutura de produci\u00f3n. Grazas aos recursos dispo\u00f1ibles p\u00faidose iniciar a mellora das infraestruturas e dos sistemas de transporte, o que deu lugar a unha divisi\u00f3n do traballo m\u00e1is avanzada e m\u00e1is eficaz.<a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[viii]<\/a> As\u00ed, a construci\u00f3n da canle de Worsley, empresa privada iniciada polo duque de Bridgewater e que finalizou en 1761, supuxo a reduci\u00f3n do prezo do carb\u00f3n en Manchester \u00e1 metade. Por imitaci\u00f3n desta obra iniciouse unha serie de obras de construci\u00f3n de canles de iniciativa privada que cruzaron toda a superficie de Gran Breta\u00f1a en apenas trinta anos, dando lugar a unha considerable reduci\u00f3n dos custos de transporte de mercanc\u00edas.<a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[ix]<\/a> Un fen\u00f3meno similar ocorreu coas estradas e, posteriormente, co ferrocarril.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u00a0 O mesmo p\u00f3dese dicir do sector servizos, que experimentou un considerable crecemento tanto en servizos produtivos de etapas de ordes altas como en servizos de bens de consumo: transporte, venda por xunto, venda polo mi\u00fado, educaci\u00f3n, servizos profesionais como enxe\u00f1er\u00eda e arquitectura, servizos recreativos e culturais, etc.<a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[x]<\/a> Segundo R. M. Hartwell, o progreso dos servizos pode considerarse como parte do progreso da especializaci\u00f3n e a divisi\u00f3n do traballo, da s\u00faa m\u00e1is variada e complexa utilizaci\u00f3n. Este progreso non ser\u00eda posible sen a acumulaci\u00f3n de capital.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">A produtividade dos servizos antes da Revoluci\u00f3n Industrial era moi reducida, o seu custo elevado e a demanda moi limitada.<a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[xi]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u00a0 O corolario da baixada dos tipos de interese \u00e9 o aumento do aforro; o alargamento da estrutura de produci\u00f3n representa a utilizaci\u00f3n dos aforros para a produci\u00f3n. Son os empresarios os que conectan ambos fen\u00f3menos, polo que o seguinte artigo estar\u00e1 dedicado \u00e1 funci\u00f3n empresarial durante a Revoluci\u00f3n Industrial.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 0px;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 0px;margin-left : 0px;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 0px;margin-left : 0px;}}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-double sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#ffeb3b;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\" style=\"transform:translate3d(0,0,0);\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[i]<\/a> <\/strong>Sudha R. Shenoy, \u201cInvestment Chains Through History or An Historian\u2019s Outline of Development: \u00abUsing Goods of Ever Higher Orders\u00bb\u201d, <em>Indian Journal of Economics &amp; Business, Special Issue<\/em> (2007): 196.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[ii]<\/a><\/strong> Shenoy, \u201cInvestment Chains Through History \u201c, p. 196.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[iii]<\/a><\/strong> \u201cFinal outputs \u2013 whatever their actual content \u2013 can be increased, improved and diversified only as and if the capital structure is extended: its investment \u201cchains\u201d are lengthened further from the final stages of use\u201d. Sudha R. Shenoy, <em>Towards a Theoretical Framework for British and International Economic History. Early Modern England, A Case Study<\/em> (Auburn: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2010), p. 355.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[iv]<\/a><\/strong> Shenoy, <em>Towards a Theoretical Framework<\/em>, pp. 353-354.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[v]<\/a><\/strong> Shenoy, \u201cInvestment Chains Through History\u201d, p. 204.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[vi]<\/a><\/strong> \u201c[\u2026] the Industrial Revolution was not something that just happened upon England but, rather, was the result of a long build-up of capital and a long expansion of the division of labor\u201d. Jeffrey A. Tucker, \u201cThe Course of Economic Development in England\u201d (26-06-2010 [recuperado el 03-06-2015], disponible en <a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"https:\/\/mises.org\/blog\/course-economic-development-england\">https:\/\/mises.org\/blog\/course-economic-development-england<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[vii]<\/a><\/strong> Samuel Lilley, \u201cEl progreso tecnol\u00f3gico y la Revoluci\u00f3n Industrial, 1700-1914\u201d, pp. 195-264 en Carlo M. Cipolla, ed., <em>Historia econ\u00f3mica de Europa. La Revoluci\u00f3n Industrial<\/em> (Barcelona: Ariel, 1983), p. 224.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[viii]<\/a> <\/strong>David S. Landes, <em>The Wealth and Poverty of Nations<\/em> (Nueva York y Londres: W. W. Norton &amp; Co., 1998), p. 215. Paul Mantoux, <em>La revoluci\u00f3n industrial en el siglo XVIII<\/em> (Madrid: Aguilar, 1962), p. 20.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[ix]<\/a><\/strong> Mantoux, <em>La revoluci\u00f3n industrial en el siglo XVIII<\/em>, pp. 106-111.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[x]<\/a><\/strong> R. M. Hartwell, \u201cLa revoluci\u00f3n de los servicios: el crecimiento del sector servicios en la econom\u00eda moderna\u201d, pp. 371-409, en Carlo M. Cipolla, ed., <em>Historia econ\u00f3mica de Europa. La Revoluci\u00f3n Industrial<\/em> (Barcelona: Ariel, 1983), p. 379.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[xi]<\/a><\/strong> Hartwell, \u201cLa revoluci\u00f3n de los servicios\u201d, p. 380.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 0px;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 0px;margin-left : 0px;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 0px;margin-left : 0px;}}<\/style><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-1{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#e2e2e2;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:calc( 1200px + 0px );margin-left: calc(-0px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-0px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\" style=\"transform:translate3d(0,0,0);\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-3{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;}.fusion-builder-column-3 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 0px;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-3{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-3 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 0px;margin-left : 0px;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-3{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-3 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 0px;margin-left : 0px;}}<\/style><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-2{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-artigos-cy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xoandelugo.org\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14955","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xoandelugo.org\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xoandelugo.org\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xoandelugo.org\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xoandelugo.org\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14955"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/xoandelugo.org\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14955\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14959,"href":"https:\/\/xoandelugo.org\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14955\/revisions\/14959"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xoandelugo.org\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xoandelugo.org\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14955"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xoandelugo.org\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}